The Concurrent and Temporal Associations Between Pain Self-Efficacy, Sleep Disturbance, and Pain Intensity in Individuals with Chronic Pain: A Cross-Lagged Analysis.

A cross-lagged analysis published in the Journal of Pain Research examined how pain self-efficacy, sleep disturbance, and pain intensity relate to one another both concurrently and over time in people with chronic pain. The study found bidirectional temporal associations among these three variables, suggesting that changes in one domain can predict subsequent changes in the others. These findings have clinical implications for PT professionals, highlighting the potential value of addressing sleep quality and self-efficacy beliefs alongside pain management strategies.

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