Effects of TENS, NMES, and Combination Therapy on Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain and Function After Stroke.

A study published in the Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation examined how transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), and a combination of both affect shoulder pain and upper-extremity function in stroke patients with hemiplegia. Researchers compared outcomes across the three electrotherapy approaches to determine which intervention most effectively reduces pain and restores functional movement. Findings from this trial have direct implications for PT clinicians selecting electrophysical agent protocols for post-stroke shoulder management.

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